Journal of research in sport medicine and technology

Long-term effects of three types of military boots mileage on ground reaction force variables during running

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Milad Piran Hamlabadi 1
AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero 2
Hamed Naghizadeh 3

1 Assistant Prof. in sport sciences, Department of Sport sciences, Faculty of Humanities and social Sciences, University of Ardakan, Ardakan, Iran.

2 Associate Prof. in Sport Biomechanics, Department of Sport biomechanics, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

3 M.Sc Student of Government Management, Faculty of Humanities, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

10.22034/jsmt.2026.7729
Abstract
Background and Aims: Running is one of the most important activities for soldiers, and boots play an effective role in this activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three types of military boots mileage on ground reaction force variables during running.

Materials and Methods: The current research was a clinical trial. 15 healthy male students (20-25 years old) used three different types of used and new boots. Using Bartec force plate with dimensions (60 x 40 cm2), ground reaction forces were measured in vertical (Fz), anterior-posterior (Fy) and medio-lateral (Fx) directions while running at constant speed. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis at a significance level of 0.05.

Results: Results demonstrated significant main effects of "Time" for FXHC (P=0.001, d=0.407), FXPO (P=0.001, d=0.674), TTPFXPO (P=0.001, d=0.394) and TTPFYPO (P=0.031, d=0.226). Findings showed significant main effect of group for FZHC (P=0.027, d=0.163) and TTPFYHC (p=0.035, d=0.150). Furthermore, significant group-by-time interactions was found for FZHC (P=0.001, d=0.404) and FXPO (P=0.014, d=0.272).

Conclusion: The results of this research showed that using military boots, the vertical ground reaction force, the medio-lateral force at heel contact and the peak medio-lateral force were increased. The increase of this value can be related to fracture injuries caused by pressure and patella femoral pain. The results of this study showed that the type of boots can be effective in preventing lower limb injuries. Therefore, using new operational boots is suggested for the military application.

Keywords

boots
polyurethane
thermoplastic polyurethane
Ground Reaction Force
Running
Subjects
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  • Receive Date 27 February 2026
  • Revise Date 10 May 2026
  • Accept Date 18 June 2026
  • First Publish Date 18 June 2026
  • Publish Date 01 July 2026