The effect of corrective exercise on walking ground reaction force components in children with genu varus

Jafarnezhadgero, A.A; Ghorbanlou, F; Alavi-Mehr, S.M; Majlesi, M

doi:10.29252/jsmt.17.18.13

Volume 17, Issue 18 (12-2019) RSMT 2019, 17(18): 13-22 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.29252/jsmt.17.18.13

‎ 20.1001.1.22520708.1398.17.18.2.4

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Jafarnezhadgero A, Ghorbanlou F, Alavi-Mehr S, Majlesi M. The effect of corrective exercise on walking ground reaction force components in children with genu varus. RSMT 2019; 17 (18) :13-22
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.html

The effect of corrective exercise on walking ground reaction force components in children with genu varus

A.A Jafarnezhadgero ^*

, F Ghorbanlou

, S.M Alavi-Mehr

, M Majlesi

, amiralijafarnezhad@gmail.com

Abstract: (3208 Views)

Genu varus is one of the malalignment of the lower limbs, the failure to correct it leads to secondary abnormalities in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a corrective exercise program on ground reaction forces, loading rates, impulses and free moment during stance phase of walking. 17 children with genu varus were volunteered to participate in this study (Age:11.71±1.68 years, Height:1.40±0.09 meter, Weight:35.14±11.47 Kg, and BMI:17.49±3.61Kg/M²). Ground reaction forces were recorded with two Kisler force plates during pre and post-test. At the dominant limb, the amount of time to peak in the mediolateral ground reaction force component during heel contact decreased by of 61.90% (P=0.011). Also, the time to peak of the vertical ground reaction force component during mid-stance tend to increase significantly by 11.47% during the post-test compared to the pre-test (P=0.063). The values of peak ground reaction force components, loading rate, impulse and free moment did not show any significant differences between pre and post-test. The findings showed that the corrective exercise trainings used in the present study had the most effect on the time to peak components of the GRF, but there were no significant effects on the loading rate, impulses, and free moment components. The corrective exercises used in the present study have had the most effect on the time to peak of ground reaction forces and improve them. On the other hand, these exercises did not have any significant effect on the vertical loading rate, impact and free moment values.

Keywords: Genu Varum, Ground Reaction Forces, Loading Rate, Impulse, Free Moment.

Full-Text [PDF 1128 kb] (811 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2020/02/4 | Accepted: 2020/02/4 | Published: 2020/02/4

References

1. 1. Mongashti Joni, Y., Fatahi, F., Ghanizadeh Hasar, N., Hosseinpour, E. (2017). Effect of genu varum deformity on gluteus medius muscle activity and postural control during single-leg jump-landing. Physical Treatments-Specific Physical Therapy Journal. 7(2):79-88. [DOI:10.32598/ptj.7.2.79]

2. 2. Voloc, A., Esterle, L., Nguyen, T., Walrant-Debray, O., Colofitchi, A., Jehan, F., Garabedian, M. (2010). High prevalence of genu varum/valgum in European children with low vitamin D status and insufficient dairy products/calcium intakes. European Journal of Endocrinology. 163(5):811-7. [DOI:10.1530/EJE-10-0434]

3. 3. Ahlbäck, S. (1968). Osteoarthrosis of the knee. A radiographic investigation. Acta Radiologica: Diagnosis. 227:7-72. [DOI:10.1177/0284185168007S27708]

4. 4. Schipplein, O., Andriacchi, T. (1991). Interaction between active and passive knee stabilizers during level walking. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 9(1):113-9. [DOI:10.1002/jor.1100090114]

5. 5. Stief, F., Böhm, H., Dussa, C.U., Multerer, C., Schwirtz, A., Imhoff, A.B., Döderlein, L. (2014). Effect of lower limb malalignment in the frontal plane on transverse plane mechanics during gait in young individuals with varus knee alignment. The Knee. 21(3):688-93. [DOI:10.1016/j.knee.2014.03.004]

6. 6. Van Gheluwe, B., Kirby, K.A., Hagman, F. (2005). Effects of simulated genu valgum and genu varum on ground reaction forces and subtalar joint function during gait. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 95(6):531-41. [DOI:10.7547/0950531]

7. 7. Stief, F., Böhm, H., Schwirtz, A., Dussa, C.U., Döderlein, L. (2011). Dynamic loading of the knee and hip joint and compensatory strategies in children and adolescents with varus malalignment. Gait & Posture. 33(3):490-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.01.001]

8. 8. Jafarnezhadgero, A.A., Shad, M.M., Majlesi, M., Granacher, U. (2017). A comparison of running kinetics in children with and without genu varus: A cross sectional study. Plos One. 12(9):e0185057. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0185057]

9. 9. Jafarnezhadgero, A.A., Majlesi, M., Etemadi, H., Robertson, D. (2018). Rehabilitation improves walking kinematics in children with a knee varus: Randomized controlled trial. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 61(3):125-34 . [DOI:10.1016/j.rehab.2018.01.007]

10. 10. Jafarnezhadgero, A.A., Shad, M.M., Majlesi, M., Zago, M. (2017). Effect of kinesio taping on lower limb joint powers in individuals with genu varum. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. [In press] [DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.06.009]

11. 11. Heiden, T.L., Lloyd, D.G., Ackland, T.R. (2009). Knee joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle co-contraction in knee osteoarthritis patient gait. Clinical Biomechanics. 24(10):833-41. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.08.005]

12. 12. Kadaba, M.P., Ramakrishnan, H., Wootten, M. (1990). Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 8(3):383-92. [DOI:10.1002/jor.1100080310]

13. 13. Williams, J.R. (2008). The Declaration of Helsinki and public health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 86(8):650-1. [DOI:10.2471/BLT.08.050955]

14. 14. MacDonald, G.Z., Penney, M.D., Mullaley, M.E., Cuconato, A.L., Drake, C.D., Behm, D.G., Button D.C. (2013). An acute bout of self-myofascial release increases range of motion without a subsequent decrease in muscle activation or force. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 27(3):812-21. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825c2bc1]

15. 15. Robertson, G., Caldwell, G., Hamill, J., Kamen, G., Whittlesey, S. (2013). Research Methods in Biomechanics, 2E: Human Kinetics. PP:90-115. [DOI:10.5040/9781492595809]

16. 16. Almosnino, S., Kajaks, T., Costigan, P.A. (2009). The free moment in walking and its change with foot rotation angle. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1:19 . [DOI:10.1186/1758-2555-1-19]

17. 17. Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin. 112(1):155-9. [DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155]

18. 18. Barrios, J.A., Davis, I.S., Higginson, J.S., Royer, T.D. (2009). Lower extremity walking mchanics of young individuals with asymptomatic varus knee alignment. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 27(11):1414-9. [DOI:10.1002/jor.20904]

19. 19. Milner, C.E., Davis, I.S., Hamill, J. (2006). Free moment as a predictor of tibial stress fracture in distance runners. Journal of Biomechanics. 39(15):2819-25. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.09.022]

20. 20. Holden, J.P., Cavanagh, P.R. (1991). The free moment of ground reaction in distance running and its changes with pronation. Journal of Biomechanics. 24(10):887-97. [DOI:10.1016/0021-9290(91)90167-L]

21. 21. Liikavainio, T., Bragge, T., Hakkarainen, M., Karjalainen, P.A., Arokoski, J.P. (2010). Gait and muscle activation changes in men with knee osteoarthritis. The Knee. 17(1):69-76. [DOI:10.1016/j.knee.2009.05.003]

22. 22. de Oliveira Silva, D., Briani, R.V., Pazzinatto, M.F., Ferrari, D., Aragão, F.A., de Azevedo, F.M. (2015). Reduced knee flexion is a possible cause of increased loading rates in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Clinical Biomechanics. 30(9):971-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.06.021]