پژوهش در طب ورزشی و فناوری

تاثیر حاد توانمندسازی پس‌فعالی بر ویژگی‌های کینماتیکی اندام تحتانی حین ضربه سر بازیکنان فوتبال

نویسندگان

علی نعمتی 1
محمدتقی امیری خراسانی 2
محمدرضا امیرسیف الدینی 3

1 کارشناس ارشد بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه بیومکانیک ورزشی، پژوهشگاه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/jsmt.2026.7727
چکیده
مقدمه و هدف: یکی از راهکارهایی که ورزشکاران برای افزایش موقت نیرو و توان عضلانی می­توانند استفاده کنند، توانمندسازی پس­فعالی (PAP) در طول گرم­ کردن است. به هر حال اثر این پدیده بر کینماتیک حرکات ویژه مشخص نشده است. لذا، هدف از این مطالعه، تاثیر حاد PAP در طول گرم­کردن بر ویژگی­های کینماتیکی اندام تحتانی حین ضربه سر بازیکنان فوتبال می­باشد.

روش­شناسی: نمونه آماری این تحقیق شامل 24 بازیکن نیمه حرفه ­ای فوتبال در رده سنی جوانان با میانگین سن11/1±67/18 سال، قد12/7±32/182 سانتی متر، جرم46/7± 17/74 کیلوگرم بودند که چهار روش مختلف گرم­کردن PAPتیک­آف، PAPفرود،PAPترکیبی و گرم­کردن عمومی، که برگرفته از مراحل ضربه سر فوتبال بود، اجرا کردند. سرعت­های زاویه­ای زانو و ران در طول مرحله تیک­آف و حداکثر فلکشن زانو و مدت زمان مکث روی مفصل زانو در مرحله فرود با دستگاه آنالیز حرکتی سه بعدی (vicon peak ltd ,oxford ,UK vicon) با چهار دوربین T20 و با فرکانس 1000 هرتز ثبت شد. در نهایت از آزمون آنالیز واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بون فرونی در سطح معنی داری P<0.05 استفاده شد.

یافته­ها: افزایش معنی داری در سرعت زاویه­ای زانو و ران بعد از PAPترکیبی و سپس PAPتیک­آف با دیگر برنامه­های گرم­کردن وجود داشت. همچنین، افزایش معنی­ دار در زاویه فلکشن زانو بعد از PAPفرود در مقایسه با دیگر برنامه­های گرم­کردن وجود داشت. بعلاوه، افزایش معنی­داری در مدت زمان مکث بر روی مفصل زانو بعد از گرم­کردن عمومی در مقایسه با دیگر برنامه­های گرم­کردن وجود داشت.

بحث و نتیجه­گیری:­PAPتیک­آف موجب بهبود عملکرد پرش و PAPفرود موجب بهبود عملکرد فرود می­شود. ترکیب این دو روش، PAPترکیبی، نتیجه بهتری را در کل به دنبال خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

توانمند سازی پس فعالی
کینماتیک
ضربه سر
فرود
فوتبال
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The acute effect of post-activation potentiation on the lower Extremity kinematic characteristics during head impact in soccer players

نویسندگان English

Ali nemati 1
Mohammadtaghi amirikhorasani 2
Mohammadreza AmirSeyfaddini 3
1 Master of Sports Biomechanics, Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Sports Biomechanics, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
3 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Biomechanics, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction and Objective: One of the strategies that athletes can use to temporarily increase strength and muscle power is post-activation potentiation (PAP) during warm-up. However, the effect of this phenomenon on kinematics of special movement has not been determined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the acute effect of PAP during warm-up on lower extremity kinematic characteristics during heading in soccer players.

Methodology: The study sample consisted of 24 semi-professional youth soccer players with an average age of 18.67±1.11 years, height 182.32±7.12 cm, mass 74.17±7.46 kg. who performed four different warm-up methods, including PAP-take-off, PAP-landing, combined-PAP, and general warm-up, derived from the stages of soccer heading. Knee and hip angular velocities during the take-off phase, maximum knee flexion angle, and duration of knee joint pause during the landing phase were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis device (vicon peak ltd, oxford, vicon UK) with four T20 cameras with a frequency of 1000 Hz. Finally, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and post hoc Bonferroni test were used at a significance level of P<0.05.

Results: There was a significant increase in knee and hip angular velocities following combined-PAP and then PAP-take-off compared to other warm-up programs. Moreover, there was a significant increase in knee flexion angle after PAP-landing compared to other warm-up programs. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the duration of knee joint pause after general warm-up compared to other warm-up programs.

Discussion and Conclusion: PAP-take-off improves jumping performance, while PAP-landing improves landing performance. The combination of these two methods, i.e., combined-PAP, will yield better results overall.


کلیدواژه‌ها English

Post-Activation Potentiation
kinematics
Head Impact
Landing
Soccer
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  • تاریخ دریافت 03 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 18 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 10 تیر 1405